Location: US 15/501 (Hillsborough Street) at Salisbury Street in Pittsboro
County: Chatham
Original Date Cast: 1938
John Owen presided over advances in internal improvements and education while governor and, post-term, turned down an offer to be the Whig vice-presidential candidate. Born in Bladen County in August 1787, he was the son of Eleanor Porterfield and Colonel Thomas Owen, Revolutionary patriot, legislator, and prosperous landowner. Little is known of Owen’s youth or early education, but in 1804 he was a student at the University of North Carolina. Though he did not graduate from the University, he would serve for more than twenty years as a trustee. Owen married Lucy Brown of Bladen County, daughter of General Thomas Brown. They had one child, a daughter named Lucy.
Owen represented Bladen County in the House of Commons from 1812 to 1814 and in the Senate in 1819, 1820, and 1827-1828. From 1824 to 1827 he also served on the Council of State under Governors Hutchins G. Burton and James Iredell Jr.. On December 8, 1828, Owen was elected governor after several ballots, narrowly defeating Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr.. He was elected again in 1829 but declined to seek a third term the following year for personal reasons.
Owen’s two terms as governor brought significant initiatives in county government, internal improvements, and education. Sheriffs and clerks of court in the various counties were made subject to election by all qualified voters rather than by justices of the peace alone. In the area of internal improvements, Owen’s progressive leadership led to sizable appropriations for improvements on the Roanoke River at Weldon and for the recurring scheme to create a navigable inlet through the Outer Banks near Roanoke Island.
Owen’s positions on education were especially progressive, particularly with regard to primary schools. In addressing the General Assembly, he stressed the constitutional obligations of government and the moral utility of public education in reducing not only ignorance, but poverty and crime as well. While other states had forged ahead, North Carolina, in his view, had been guilty of “a manifest dereliction of duty” in failing to instruct its young people. Moreover, Owen believed that sufficient funds for educating the poor should be obtained through taxing the rich.
It was during Owen’s governorship that related regional and racial tensions reached crisis proportions. In 1830, only one year prior to the Nat Turner rebellion, Owen warned the General Assembly and the public at large of abolitionist attempts to “sow sedition” among the state’s enslaved population. The General Assembly responded to the warnings by strengthening the existing slave patrol system, resulting in a further restriction of the movement and free association of the enslaved population.
Owen returned to Bladen County following his second term as governor but did not retire from public life. He was a leading member of the Constitutional Convention of 1835, where he opposed the disfranchisement of free Blacks and a continuance of the religious test for officeholders. In 1839 he presided over the first Whig Party convention in North Carolina and over the Whigs’ national convention in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It was during the national convention that he declined to run as vice-president on the ticket headed by William Henry Harrison. Owen died while in Pittsboro, North Carolina, on October 9, 1841, and was buried there at St. Bartholomew’s Episcopal Church.
References:
Charles L. Coon, The Beginnings of Public Education in North Carolina: A Documentary History, 1790-1840 (1908)
Guion G. Johnson, Ante-Bellum North Carolina: A Social History (1937)
William S. Powell, ed., Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, IV, 412-413—sketch by Guy Owen
Robert Sobel and John Raimo, eds., Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1978, III
John Owen Papers, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh